India's ageing population is facing a significant risk of dementia, with experts projecting a dramatic increase in cases over the coming years. As the country prepares for a demographic shift, with over 15% of the global elderly population expected to reside in India by 2050, the burden of dementia is set to rise sharply.
Current and Projected Statistics
Currently, approximately 7.4% of Indians aged 60 and above are affected by dementia, translating to around 8.8 million cases. This figure is anticipated to nearly double to 17 million by 2036, marking a staggering 97% increase. The Alzheimer’s and Related Disorders Society of India has estimated that the number of cases will double again by 2030, reflecting the urgent need for awareness and intervention.
Early-Onset Dementia: A Growing Concern
In addition to late-onset dementia, early-onset cases—affecting individuals in their 30s to 50s—are becoming increasingly prevalent, accounting for 5-10% of global Alzheimer’s cases. Factors contributing to this trend include genetics, lifestyle choices, and comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension.
Demographic Shifts and Risk Factors
By 2050, nearly 20% of India's population is projected to be aged 60 or older, totalling around 319 million people. Age is the strongest risk factor for dementia; as such, India faces an escalating number of cases. Ramani Sundaram from the Dementia India Alliance emphasizes that neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s typically manifest after age 65, but early-onset cases highlight the necessity for awareness across all age groups.
Economic Impact of Dementia Care
The financial burden of dementia care varies significantly based on severity and location. Urban households may spend between ₹45,600 and ₹2 lakh annually, while rural households incur costs ranging from ₹20,300 to ₹66,025. Basic consultations can cost around ₹2,000-5,000 monthly, while advanced treatments may reach millions.
Treatment Options Available
Dementia care in India encompasses medications like cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, alongside non-pharmacological approaches such as cognitive therapy and caregiver support programs. Dr Suhas V P highlights that treatment includes symptom management and supportive care options like counselling and physiotherapy.
Government Initiatives and Support
The Indian government is actively addressing non-communicable diseases through initiatives like the National Mental Health Programme, which focuses on early detection and elderly mental care. The Ministry of Social Justice supports dementia care initiatives while public-private partnerships aim to enhance specialized care infrastructure.
The Need for Comprehensive Strategies
Despite progress, experts agree that more focused initiatives are essential to combat the growing burden of dementia in India. Strategies should include national dementia-specific policies and community-level interventions to ensure effective management and support for affected individuals.
Source: Business Standard
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